1. A mobile phase-change heat and cold storage device, comprising a storage tank, a main tube, heat transfer plates, a phase-change working medium, a bracket, a casing, an insulation layer and a box body; wherein the storage tank, the main tube, the heat transfer plate, the phase-change working medium, the bracket, the casing and the insulation layer are arranged inside the box body; the storage tank comprises a tank body and a base; an outer surface of the tank body is coated with the insulation layer; the heat transfer plate, the phase-change working medium and the bracket are arranged inside the tank body; the heat transfer plate is arranged on the bracket; the bracket is welded on a storage tank bottom plate; the main tube and the casing are respectively connected to the heat transfer plates; one side face of the tank body and the insulation layer is provided with a first aperture on an upper left side for the main tube to pass through, and a second aperture on a lower right side for the casing to pass through.