| CPC C07K 14/43536 (2013.01) [G01N 27/447 (2013.01); C07K 2319/55 (2013.01); C12Q 1/6869 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims | 
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               1. A method of characterising a target analyte, comprising: 
            (a) contacting the target analyte with a protein pore such that the target analyte moves through the protein pore, wherein the protein pore comprises at least one lysenin monomer that comprises a barrel-forming region comprising the amino acid sequence as set forth in positions 44 to 126 of SEQ ID NO: 2 with one or more amino acid substitutions, wherein at least one of the amino acid substitutions introduces a cysteine, lysine, or non-natural amino acid; and 
                (b) taking one or more measurements as the target analyte moves through the protein pore, wherein the measurements are indicative of one or more characteristics of the target analyte, thereby characterising the target analyte. 
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