| CPC B23K 35/34 (2013.01) [B23K 26/1464 (2013.01); B23K 35/302 (2013.01)] | 3 Claims |
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1. A welding method for a welding wire based on nanoparticle implantation and trace element compensation, wherein in weight percentage, the welding wire comprises 5.8% of Cu, 0.2% of Mn, 0.1% of V, 0.2% of Zr, 0.2% of Si, 0.3% of Fe, 0.1% of Zn, 1.4% of a compensation element, 0.2% of a hydrogen evolution element, 1.2% of a nanoceramic particle, and Al for balance;
the compensation element comprises Mg and Li, wherein Mg accounts for 0.2% of a weight of the welding wire, and Li accounts for 1.2% of the weight of the welding wire; the hydrogen evolution element is Nb; and the nanoceramic particle is nano-TiC particle or nano-TiB2 particle;
the welding wire is prepared through steps of:
(a) weighing Al powders, Cu powders, Li powders, Mn powders, V powders, Zr powders, Si powders, Fe powders, Mg powders, Nb powders, and Zn powders in accordance with a preset weight ratio, following by ball milling in a ball mill under an inert atmosphere to obtain a first mixed powder;
(b) weighing the nano-TiC particle or the nano-TiB2 particle; and mixing the first mixed powder with the nano-TiC particle or nano-TiB2 particle in a mixer to obtain a second mixed powder;
(c) rolling an aluminum strip with a thickness of 0.5 mm into a U-shaped groove structure; filling the second mixed powder in the U-shaped groove structure followed by rolling under a sealing condition by a roller press to obtain a tubular welding wire blank; and
(d) subjecting the tubular welding wire blank to wiredrawing by using a wire-drawing die to obtain the welding wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm;
the welding method comprises:
(A) forming a K-shaped groove between a stringer and a panel; cleaning surfaces of the stringer and the panel; and fixing the stringer and the panel on a working platform, wherein the stringer and the panel are both made of an aluminum-lithium alloy;
(B) installing a clamping device on a manipulator; fixing a welding gun on a clamping mechanism of the clamping device; and adjusting an inclined angle of the welding gun such that an included angle between the welding gun and the stringer is 20°-80°, and adjusting a distance between a bottom end of the welding gun and a weld to be 40 mm-60 mm;
(C) fixing a wire-feeding tube on a fixing mechanism; adjusting an angle between the wire-feeding tube and the welding gun to 20°-50°; adjusting a laser-arc distance to 2-5 mm; and adjusting a distance between a striking mechanism and the weld;
(D) opening a gas cylinder to supply a protective gas to a welding pool at a flow rate of 10-20 L/min; and starting the manipulator and a laser to weld the stringer with the panel, wherein a laser power is 2-3 kW, a welding speed is 0.5-2 m/min, a laser oscillating frequency is 50-100 Hz, a laser oscillating amplitude is 1-3 mm, and a feeding speed of the welding wire is 1-4 m/min;
(E) starting the striking mechanism to strike the weld; and
(F) after completing a welding operation, turning off the laser and the striking mechanism; and continuing to supply the protective gas for 0.5-2 min, and closing the gas cylinder;
wherein the clamping device comprises a mounting frame; a middle part of the mounting frame is fixed on the manipulator; a number of the clamping mechanism is two, and the two clamping mechanisms are symmetrically provided at two ends of the mounting frame; a number of the fixing mechanism is two, and the two fixing mechanisms are symmetrically provided on a first side of the mounting frame; a number of the striking mechanism is two, and the two striking mechanisms are symmetrically provided on a second side of the mounting frame; each of the two clamping mechanisms comprises a first rotating seat; the first rotating seat is provided with a first mounting hole for mounting the welding gun; the first rotating seat is rotationally provided on a first sliding plate; the first rotating seat is configured to be locked with the first sliding plate through a locking member; the mounting frame is provided with a sliding structure configured to drive the first sliding plate to slide on the mounting frame; the sliding structure comprises a rotating shaft rotationally connected to the mounting frame; the mounting frame is provided with a first motor configured to drive the rotating shaft to rotate; the rotating shaft is provided with a transmission plate; two ends of the transmission plate are each hinged to the first sliding plate through a connecting rod; and the mounting frame is provided with a guide rail to guide sliding of the first sliding plate, and a sliding hole to prevent interference with the welding gun;
each of the two fixing mechanisms comprises a first mounting plate; the first mounting plate is provided on a second sliding plate; the second sliding plate is provided with a first threaded hole, and the first threaded hole is configured to allow a first screw rod to pass through, and fit the first screw rod; the first screw rod is rotationally connected to the mounting frame; the mounting frame is provided with a second motor configured to drive the first screw rod to rotate; a drive wheel on an output shaft of the second motor is connected to a first driven wheel on the first screw rod through a first transmission belt; the first mounting plate is provided with a sliding seat; the sliding seat is slidably connected with the first mounting plate; the sliding seat is provided with a jack screw to lock the sliding seat and the first mounting plate; the sliding seat is rotationally provided with a second rotating seat; the second rotating seat is provided with a first gear ring; the sliding seat is rotationally provided with a first gear engaged with the first gear ring; a gear shaft of the first gear is provided with a rotary knob; supporting frames are respectively provided on both sides of the second rotating seat; a rotating plate is rotationally provided between the supporting frames; each of the supporting frames is connected to the rotating plate through a lock nut; the rotating plate is provided with a second mounting hole for fixing the wire-feeding tube; a clamping plate is provided at the second mounting hole for clamping the wire-feeding tube; a middle part of the clamping plate is provided with a sliding rod; the sliding rod is slidably connected to the rotating plate; the rotating plate is rotationally provided with a second gear corresponding to the sliding rod; the rotating plate is rotationally provided with a second gear ring coaxial with the second mounting hole; and the second gear is engaged with the second gear ring and a gear rack on the sliding rod; and
each of the two striking mechanisms comprises a third sliding plate; the third sliding plate is slidably connected with the mounting frame; the third sliding plate is provided with a second threaded hole, and the second threaded hole is configured to allow a second screw rod to pass through, and fit the second screw rod; the second screw rod is rotationally connected with the mounting frame; a second driven wheel is provided at an end of the second screw rod, and is in drive connection with the drive wheel on the output shaft of the second motor through a second transmission belt; the third sliding plate is provided with a second mounting plate; a fixing plate is provided on an end of the second mounting plate; a cam is rotationally provided on the fixing plate; a third motor is provided on the fixing plate to drive the cam to rotate; a striking rod is provided on one side of the fixing plate; a guide block is provided at a bottom of the fixing plate; a tilted groove is provided on the guide block; the striking rod is located in the tilted groove, and slidably connected to the tilted groove; an end plate is provided at a top end of the striking rod; and a spring is provided between the end plate and the guide block to keep the end plate being in contact with a side wall of the cam.
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