| CPC B01D 61/445 (2013.01) [B01D 61/465 (2022.08); B01D 69/02 (2013.01); C02F 1/4691 (2013.01); B01D 61/50 (2013.01); B01D 2317/02 (2013.01); B01D 2317/08 (2013.01); B01D 2325/42 (2013.01)] | 7 Claims |

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1. A bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system comprising, a plurality of bipolar electrodialysis stages wherein all of the plurality of bipolar electrodialysis stages comprise BPED cells, wherein all of the BPED cells in all of the bipolar electrodialysis stages of the BPED system are two-compartment BPED cells or all of the BPED cells in all of the bipolar electrodialysis stages of the BPED system are three-compartment BPED cells, and wherein at least one and up to one half of the plurality of the bipolar electrodialysis stages comprise acid block anion membranes and the remainder of the plurality of bipolar electrodialysis stages comprise non-acidic block anion membranes.
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