| CPC A61N 7/00 (2013.01) [A61N 1/0536 (2013.01); A61N 1/36017 (2013.01); A61N 2007/0026 (2013.01); A61N 2007/0073 (2013.01); A61N 2007/0078 (2013.01)] | 16 Claims |

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12. A method of causing a change in concentration of one or more molecules in a subject, the method comprising:
directing energy of an energy application device at a region of interest of a subject, wherein the energy application device delivers treatment energy to the region of interest and wherein the treatment energy is applied according to a treatment protocol based on a circulating glucose concentration;
applying the energy to the region of interest to cause the change in concentration of the one or more molecules as a result of applying the energy;
assessing the change in concentration of the one or more molecules relative to a baseline concentration of the one or more molecules at one or more time points after applying the energy; and
determining, based on the assessing, that the subject is in a category selected from a first category or a second category, wherein the first category is responsive to neuromodulation and the second category is non-responsive to neuromodulation and the subject is determined to be in the second category when a change in the concentration relative to the baseline concentration is less than a predetermined threshold change.
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