| CPC A61N 1/3605 (2013.01) [A61B 5/201 (2013.01); A61B 5/207 (2013.01); A61B 5/4848 (2013.01); A61B 10/007 (2013.01); A61B 18/1492 (2013.01); A61N 1/0551 (2013.01); A61B 5/0538 (2013.01); A61B 5/14507 (2013.01); A61B 5/4035 (2013.01); A61B 5/4041 (2013.01); A61B 2018/0022 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00267 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00345 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00404 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00434 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00511 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00577 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00642 (2013.01); A61B 2018/00875 (2013.01); A61B 2218/002 (2013.01); A61N 1/36117 (2013.01); G01N 33/493 (2013.01); G01N 33/5308 (2013.01); G01N 33/74 (2013.01); G01N 33/9433 (2013.01); G01N 2800/52 (2013.01)] | 19 Claims |

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1. A method of assessing efficacy of a renal neuromodulation procedure in a human subject, the method comprising:
at least partially ablating tissue via a catheter positioned in a renal vessel of the human subject, wherein the renal neuromodulation procedure includes at least partially ablating the tissue via the catheter positioned in the renal vessel;
determining a post-neuromodulation level of one or more biomarkers following the renal neuromodulation procedure, wherein the level of the one or more biomarkers directly or indirectly correlate with sympathetic nervous activity in the human subject;
comparing the post-neuromodulation level to a pre-determined level or range of levels for the one or more biomarkers; and
classifying the renal neuromodulation procedure as at least partially successful based on the comparison, wherein one or more of the biomarkers are selected from the group consisting of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid.
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