US 12,257,050 B2
Calibration free in-vivo measurement of analytes using electrochemical sensors
Kevin Plaxco, Santa Barbara, CA (US); and Netzahualcoyotl Arroyo Curras, Baltimore, MD (US)
Assigned to The Regents of the University of California, Oakland, CA (US)
Appl. No. 16/756,681
Filed by THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Oakland, CA (US)
PCT Filed Oct. 29, 2018, PCT No. PCT/US2018/058020
§ 371(c)(1), (2) Date Apr. 16, 2020,
PCT Pub. No. WO2019/089465, PCT Pub. Date May 9, 2019.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/578,665, filed on Oct. 30, 2017.
Prior Publication US 2021/0196161 A1, Jul. 1, 2021
Int. Cl. A61B 5/1473 (2006.01); A61B 5/00 (2006.01); A61B 5/145 (2006.01)
CPC A61B 5/14735 (2013.01) [A61B 5/1451 (2013.01); A61B 5/14517 (2013.01); A61B 5/14546 (2013.01); A61B 5/4277 (2013.01); A61B 5/4866 (2013.01); A61B 2503/40 (2013.01)] 19 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. A method of measuring a target species concentration in a sample by using an electrochemical sensor, the method comprising:
deploying an electrochemical sensor such that it is exposed to the sample, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises an electrode functionalized with a plurality of recognition elements that undergo a conformation change upon binding with the target species, wherein each of the plurality of recognition elements is functionalized with one or more redox reporters characterized by an electron transfer kinetics, wherein the conformation change of at least one of the plurality of recognition elements changes the electron transfer kinetics of at least one of the one or more redox reporters;
applying one or more excitation pulses to the electrochemical sensor, wherein a faradaic current output is generated by each of the one or more excitation pulses, wherein the faradaic current varies in a concentration-dependent manner with the target species concentration in the sample;
acquiring a time-resolved faradaic current data following each of the one or more excitation pulses, wherein the time-resolved faradaic current data directly measures a change of the electron transfer kinetics as a result of the binding of the target species with the electrochemical sensor;
by the acquired time-resolved faradaic current data, calculating a value of a selected measure of current decay;
by the value of a selected measure of current decay, calculating the concentration of the target species by application a mathematical relationship between the selected measure of current decay and the concentration of the target species in the sample.