| CPC H10F 39/8033 (2025.01) [H10F 39/014 (2025.01); H10F 39/184 (2025.01); H10F 39/199 (2025.01); H10F 39/8063 (2025.01); H10F 39/807 (2025.01)] | 14 Claims |

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1. A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensor, comprising:
a first sidewall and a second sidewall;
a silicon material configured between the first sidewall and the second sidewall, the silicon material comprising a top region and a bottom region;
an aperture region positioned at the top region;
a lens overlaying the aperture region;
a plurality of fillings configured at the bottom region, the plurality of fillings being arranged according to a first pattern;
a first doped region configured within the silicon material, the first doped region comprising a first boundary, the first boundary being characterized by a first wave shape corresponding to the first pattern;
a second doped region configured within the silicon material, the second doped region comprising a second boundary, the second boundary being characterized by a second wave shape corresponding to the first pattern; and
a junction region configured between the first doped region and the second doped region, the junction region being characterized by a third wave shape corresponding to the first pattern.
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