| CPC H01M 4/90 (2013.01) [H01M 8/1004 (2013.01)] | 31 Claims |

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1. A method of preparing a catalyst, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing an M-doped ZIF-8 catalyst precursor in an aqueous synthesis reaction, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Co, wherein ZIF-8 is a 2-methylimidazole zinc salt, and wherein the aqueous synthesis reaction takes place in the presence of an acid and in the absence of an organic solvent; and
(b) then, carbonizing the M-doped ZIF-8 catalyst precursor in a first thermal activating step to form an M—N—C catalyst, wherein M is said metal, N is nitrogen, and C is carbon.
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