| CPC H01L 23/53238 (2013.01) [H01L 21/76804 (2013.01); H01L 21/7684 (2013.01); H01L 21/76846 (2013.01); H01L 21/76877 (2013.01); H01L 23/5226 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a copper conductive structure formed in a dielectric layer and below at least one etch stop layer (ESL); and
a bi-layer liner adjacent to the copper conductive structure, where in the bi-layer liner comprises a first layer of graphene adjacent to the copper conductive structure and a second layer adjacent to the first layer and at an interface between the copper conductive structure and a first conductive structure below the copper conductive structure,
wherein a ratio of a thickness of the second layer to a thickness of the first layer of graphene is in a range from approximately two to approximately twenty.
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