| CPC G01N 23/083 (2013.01) [G01N 2223/405 (2013.01); G01N 2223/423 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method of determining information about a chemical composition of subject matter of interest in vivo, the method comprising:
generating broad spectrum x-ray radiation;
directing at least some of the broad spectrum x-ray radiation to irradiate a first fluorescent target configured to generate monochromatic x-ray radiation via fluorescence in response to incident broad spectrum x-ray radiation;
generating first monochromatic x-ray radiation at a first energy via fluorescence by the first fluorescent target in response to at least some broad spectrum x-ray radiation incident on the first fluorescent target;
directing at least some of the first monochromatic x-ray radiation to irradiate subject matter of interest internal to a patient in-vivo;
detecting at least some of the first monochromatic x-ray radiation transmitted through the subject matter of interest; and
determining information about the chemical composition by determining at least one element, compound and/or molecule that is present in the subject matter of interest based on the detected first monochromatic x-ray radiation and the first energy.
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