| CPC C23C 16/30 (2013.01) [C01G 3/05 (2013.01); C23C 16/0272 (2013.01); H01G 9/20 (2013.01); H10K 30/40 (2023.02); H10K 2102/00 (2023.02)] | 36 Claims |

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1. An article comprising:
a substrate; and
a copper halide layer on the substrate;
wherein the interfacial free energy between the substrate and the copper halide layer is configured such that:
the copper halide layer is free of discontinuations of sizes of about 5 nm2 or greater; and
the copper halide layer conforms to the shape of the substrate.
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