| CPC A61B 5/02055 (2013.01) [A61B 5/0022 (2013.01); A61B 5/029 (2013.01); A61B 5/0533 (2013.01); A61B 5/369 (2021.01); A61B 5/389 (2021.01); A61B 5/6802 (2013.01); A61B 5/6847 (2013.01); A61B 5/7264 (2013.01); A61B 5/7275 (2013.01); A61B 5/746 (2013.01); G16H 50/30 (2018.01); A61B 5/021 (2013.01); A61B 5/024 (2013.01); A61B 5/02416 (2013.01); A61B 5/0816 (2013.01); A61B 5/091 (2013.01); A61B 5/7239 (2013.01); A61B 2503/40 (2013.01); A61B 2560/0257 (2013.01); A61B 2562/0247 (2013.01); A61B 2562/0257 (2013.01); A61B 2562/0271 (2013.01); G16H 50/50 (2018.01); G16H 50/70 (2018.01)] | 17 Claims |

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1. An apparatus for measuring at least one physiological parameter describing a state of a homeostatically controlled system of a user subject to a process selected from the group consisting of a thermal process, a neurological process, a muscular process, a skeletal process, a digestive process, a cardiac process, a respiratory process, a renal process, a dermal process, a reproductive organ process, a hemodynamic process, an electrochemical process, a blood chemistry process, and a vascular process, comprising:
an input port configured to receive a signal generated by a sensor corresponding to the at least one physiological parameter;
a non-volatile memory configured to store a sequence of values representing the at least one physiological parameter over time;
at least one processor configured to:
store the sequence values in the non-volatile memory;
determine a statistical uncertainty of a prior estimate of the sequence of values;
perform a dynamic analysis of the homeostatically controlled system, based on the stored sequence of values, with a Kalman filter based on an adaptive at least second-order predictive model for said at least one physiological parameter, employing a discrete time change in rate of change of the at least one physiological parameter of the biological system and the determined statistical uncertainty;
predict a future state of the homeostatically controlled system dependent on the dynamic analysis and the signal, with the adaptive at least second order predictive model;
update the adaptive at least second order predictive model dependent on the dynamic analysis; and
determine an inability of the homeostatically controlled system of the user to maintain homeostasis, based on the predicted future state of the homeostatically controlled system and the dynamic analysis;
automatically issuing an alert selectively dependent on the deviation of the homeostatically controlled system of the user from homeostasis; and
at least one actuator responsive to the predicted future state and the determined inability of the homeostatically controlled system of the user to maintain homeostasis, configured to alter the at least one physiological parameter.
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