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1. An ex vivo model system, comprising: a monolayer consisting of differentiated mammalian epithelial cells, wherein the monolayer consists of enterocytes with microvilli, mucus-producing goblet cells, and Microfold (M) cells, having an apical surface and a basolateral surface, and wherein cells of the monolayer express one or more exogenous biosensors responsive to an inflammation-related signal comprising at least one promoter that binds to the inflammation-related signal and drives expression of a detectable output protein upon binding of the inflammation-related signal to the promoter wherein the differentiated mammalian epithelial cells are generated by a method comprising: obtaining primary stem cells from a mammalian subject; culturing the primary cells under conditions sufficient to allow proliferation of the cells and formation of organoids; seeding the cells of the organoid into a culture plate comprising a permeable support device; maintaining the cells underconditions to allow for sufficient proliferation to form a monolayer having an apical and basolateral surface; contacting the apical surface with DAPT and the basolateral surface with RANKL, in amounts sufficient to induce differentiation of the cells to form enterocytes with microvilli, mucus-producing goblet cells, and M cells.
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