| CPC G03G 15/0233 (2013.01) [G03G 15/0216 (2013.01)] | 12 Claims |

|
1. A charging member comprising:
a support member;
an elastic layer provided on the support member;
an outer layer provided on the elastic layer; and
a protective layer provided as an outermost layer on the outer layer,
wherein:
the protective layer contains silica and has a silicon element concentration of 20 atomic % or more and 33 atomic % or less; and
the outer peripheral surface has a contact angle with water of 35 degrees or less.
|