| CPC G02F 1/1326 (2013.01) | 20 Claims |

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1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
an optical input configured to couple to an optical fiber, wherein the optical input is configured to receive an optical signal from the optical fiber;
a controllable liquid crystal element configured to receive the optical signal from the optical input;
an optical waveguide positioned directly at the liquid crystal element; and
a control device configured to activate the liquid crystal element to modulate its refractive index, thereby enabling the optical signal to be at least partially coupled into the optical waveguide.
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