| CPC G01N 21/65 (2013.01) [G01N 2021/653 (2013.01); G01N 2201/0612 (2013.01); G01N 2201/0697 (2013.01)] | 21 Claims |

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1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one optoelectronic laser configured to provide excitation radiation to a sample, the excitation radiation being generated by an electric current flowing through the at least one optoelectronic laser;
a transistor configured to modulate the electric current flowing through the at least one optoelectronic laser in order to switch on and off generation of the excitation radiation so that pulsed excitation radiation is provided; and
a spectrometer configured to analyze Raman light scattered from the sample in response to exposing the sample to the pulsed excitation radiation,
wherein a duration of the pulsed excitation radiation is fast enough to capture the Raman light prior to fluorescence,
wherein the Raman light comprises one or more spectral components,
wherein the spectrometer comprises a diffraction element configured to split the Raman light into the spectral components, and
wherein the diffraction element comprises at least a photonic crystal or a plasmonic Fabry Perot filter.
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