| CPC A61K 38/465 (2013.01) [A01N 63/00 (2013.01); A61K 31/7105 (2013.01); A61K 31/713 (2013.01); A61K 45/06 (2013.01); C12N 9/16 (2013.01); C12N 9/22 (2013.01); C12N 15/113 (2013.01); C12N 15/74 (2013.01); C12Y 301/00 (2013.01); C12N 2310/10 (2013.01); C12N 2310/20 (2017.05); C12N 2795/10331 (2013.01); C12N 2795/10332 (2013.01); C12N 2795/10343 (2013.01); C12N 2795/10371 (2013.01)] | 24 Claims |
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1. A method for selectively modifying a mixed population of bacteria, wherein the mixed population of bacteria comprises at least a first and a second bacterial species, comprising:
(a) contacting the mixed population of bacteria with packaged, recombinant phagemids that are packaged in phage capsids, wherein the packaged phagemids comprise a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system comprising i) a type II CRISPR-associated enzyme and ii) two or more crRNA guides that target different chromosomal sequences in bacterial cells of the second bacterial species and,
(b) producing the crRNA guides in the bacterial cells of the second bacterial species, wherein the crRNA guides comprise i) a first crRNA guide complementary to a first target chromosomal sequence in the bacterial cells of the second bacterial species and ii) a second crRNA guide complementary to a second target chromosomal sequence in the bacterial cells of the second bacterial species, wherein the second target chromosomal sequence is different from the first target chromosomal sequence; and wherein:
1) the first target chromosomal sequence is comprised by a first antibiotic resistance gene and the second target chromosomal sequence is comprised by a second antibiotic resistance gene,
2) the first target chromosomal sequence is comprised by an antibiotic resistance gene and the second target chromosomal sequence is comprised by a virulence gene, or
3) the first target chromosomal sequence is comprised by a first virulence gene and the second target chromosomal sequence is comprised by a second virulence gene;
wherein the expressed type II CRISPR-associated enzyme cleaves the first and second target chromosomal sequences at the target sites of the crRNA guides in the bacterial cells of the second bacterial species,
wherein the first and second bacterial species are different and are selected from Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus, Salmonella, Helicobacter pylori, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Escherichia coli, and
wherein the growth of the bacterial cells of the first bacterial species in the mixed population is not inhibited, and wherein at least 50% of the bacterial cells of the second bacterial species are killed.
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