| CPC A61B 1/00009 (2013.01) [A61B 1/00 (2013.01); A61B 34/30 (2016.02); A61B 90/00 (2016.02); A61F 2/0805 (2013.01); A61F 2/0811 (2013.01); A61F 2/30756 (2013.01); A61F 2/3094 (2013.01); A61L 27/025 (2013.01); A61L 27/20 (2013.01); A61L 27/24 (2013.01); A61L 27/3604 (2013.01); A61L 27/3608 (2013.01); A61L 27/3612 (2013.01); A61M 5/14212 (2013.01); A61M 5/20 (2013.01); B29C 64/112 (2017.08); B33Y 10/00 (2014.12); B33Y 70/00 (2014.12); C12N 5/0654 (2013.01); C12N 5/0655 (2013.01); A61B 2017/00969 (2013.01); A61B 2090/395 (2016.02); A61F 2002/30962 (2013.01); A61L 2430/06 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method of bioprinting a bio-ink construct on an internal tissue defect during a minimally invasive surgery on an individual in need thereof, comprising:
a. visualizing the internal tissue defect;
b. positioning a bioprinter comprising: a printhead, a bio-ink reservoir, and a nozzle within proximity of or in contact with the internal tissue defect, wherein the bio-ink reservoir is fluidically connected to the nozzle, and wherein the bio-ink reservoir contains a bio-ink comprising a plurality of cells and a photoinitiator; and
c. ejecting the bio-ink from the printhead onto the internal tissue defect to form a bio-ink layer, thereby generating a bio-ink construct.
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