CPC H01S 5/026 (2013.01) [H01S 5/18305 (2013.01); H01S 5/185 (2021.01); H01S 5/11 (2021.01); H01S 5/34313 (2013.01); H01S 5/34353 (2013.01)] | 14 Claims |
1. A light emission device configured to output light forming an optical image along a normal direction of a main surface of a substrate, an inclination direction intersecting the normal direction, or both the normal direction and the inclination direction, the light emission device comprising:
a light emission portion; and
a phase modulation layer provided on the substrate, the phase modulation layer being optically coupled to the light emission portion,
wherein the phase modulation layer includes a base layer and a plurality of modified refractive index regions provided in the base layer so as to be distributed in a two-dimensional shape on a plane perpendicular to the normal direction, the plurality of modified refractive index regions having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the base layer,
in a state in which a virtual square lattice is set on the plane, the plurality of modified refractive index regions is arranged in a state of being separated from lattice points corresponding to centers of gravity of the plurality of modified refractive index regions by a predetermined distance, and a rotation angle being around each lattice point in the virtual square lattice is set according to a phase distribution for forming the optical image, the rotation angle being a rotation angle of a line segment connecting the center of gravity of each of the plurality of modified refractive index regions and the corresponding lattice point with respect to the virtual square lattice,
a lattice spacing a of the virtual square lattice and an emission wavelength λ, of the light emission portion are set so as to satisfy an oscillation condition at an M point of symmetric points in a reciprocal lattice space corresponding to a wavenumber space of the phase modulation layer, and
a magnitude of at least one first in-plane wavenumber vector, out of first in-plane wavenumber vectors in four directions formed in the reciprocal lattice space of the phase modulation layer, is smaller than 2π/λ.
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