| CPC H10N 10/855 (2023.02) [H10N 10/17 (2023.02); H10N 10/81 (2023.02); H10N 10/8556 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A thermoelectric element comprising:
a first substrate;
a first insulating layer disposed on the first substrate;
a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer;
a first electrode disposed on the second insulating layer;
a semiconductor structure disposed on the first electrode;
a second electrode disposed on the semiconductor structure; and
a second substrate disposed on the second electrode,
wherein a composition of the first insulating layer is different from a composition of the second insulating layer,
the first insulating layer includes a first region disposed on the first substrate and a second region disposed between the first region and the second insulating layer, and
a particle size (D50) of an inorganic filler included in the second region is greater than a particle size (D50) of an inorganic filler included in the first region.
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