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1. An sixteen forward gear planetary gear mechanism automatic transmission series, wherein it comprises; sixteen forward speeds and four reverse speeds realized by combining four simple planetary gear sets with six torque engagement elements, a first planetary gear set P1, a second planetary gear set P2, a third planetary gear set P3, and a fourth planetary gear set P4 are all single pinion type planetary gears and have first to fourth sun gears S1-S4, first to fourth planet carriers C1-C4, and first to fourth ring gears R1-R4 respectively; the four planetary gear sets are sequentially arranged in the axial direction, wherein the first planetary gear set P1 and the second planetary gear set P2 both have a fixed mode of the first sun gear S1 and the second sun gear S2, the sun gear S1 is fixedly mounted on a front end cover of a case body, and the sun gear S2 is separately fixed on a positioning bracket of the inner housing of the transmission body; the third ring gear R3 of the third planetary gear set P3 is fixedly mounted on the other side of the positioning bracket of the second sun gear S2; the fourth planet carrier C4 and the fourth ring gear R4 of the fourth planetary gear set P4 may be selectively fixedly locked respectively or simultaneously idled, reverse gears are directly obtained by adjusting the internal variable relationship of the single-row planetary gear assembly, and on the premise that the fourth sun gear S4 is input, either the fourth planet carrier C4 or the fourth ring gear R4 can be separately locked by a bidirectional double clutch to undertake output functions of forward gears or reverse gears; in the forward gear state, the fourth ring gear R4 is always kept in a locked and fixed state, while a first clutch CL1, a second clutch CL2, a third clutch CL3, a fourth clutch CL4, a fifth CL5, and a sixth clutch CL6 are sequentially arranged in an input shaft direction.
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