| CPC C02F 1/463 (2013.01) [C02F 1/46176 (2013.01); C02F 2101/105 (2013.01); C02F 2101/36 (2013.01); C02F 2303/18 (2013.01)] | 15 Claims |

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1. A method of treating feed water, the method comprising:
adding a metal component comprising a metal that is aluminum to the feed water, wherein the feed water comprises a fluoroalkyl compound that is a perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), perfluoroalkyl substance, a polyfluoroalkyl substance, a perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA), or a combination thereof, wherein the metal component comprises an ion of the metal, a solid or dissolved compound of the metal, an elemental form of the metal, or a combination thereof, wherein the addition of the metal component to the feed water forms a solid;
removing the solid from the metal component-treated feed water, to form a clarified aqueous composition and to form an aqueous concentrate having a higher concentration of the solid than the clarified aqueous composition, wherein the aqueous concentrate comprises the metal component added to the feed water, and wherein the clarified aqueous composition has a lower concentration of the fluoroalkyl compound as compared to the feed water; and
reusing at least some of the metal component in the aqueous concentrate as 1 wt % to 100 wt % of the metal component that is added to the feed water.
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