| CPC H04W 56/008 (2013.01) [H04W 56/005 (2013.01); H04W 72/0446 (2013.01); H04W 72/21 (2023.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by an access node, timing information associated with an uplink (UL) signal and a numerology associated with the UL signal, wherein the timing information comprises a radio frame initialization time indicating a start time of a radio frame number zero;
receiving, by the access node from a user equipment (UE), the UL signal in accordance with the timing information and the numerology; and
measuring, by the access node, a UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) in accordance with the UL signal and a reference time of the UL signal, wherein the UL RTOA is a difference between the reference time of the UL signal and an actual start time of a subframe containing the UL signal, wherein the reference time is determined in accordance with the start time of the radio frame number zero and the subframe containing the UL signal.
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