receiving an image data,

receiving an image-forming metadata including information relating to rendering images on a screen, and

receiving a power metadata including a temporal luminance energy metadata indicating a temporal luminance energy of at least one content frame in a plurality of content frames, a spatial luminance energy metadata indicating a spatial luminance energy of a pixel across the plurality of content frames, and a spatial temporal fluctuation metadata indicating energy fluctuation of the pixel across the plurality of content frames, wherein the power metadata includes information relating to an expected power consumption;

determining, based on the power metadata, an amount and a duration of a drive modification that may be performed by a target display in response to the expected power consumption; and

performing a power management of the target display based on the power metadata to modify a driving of at least one light-emitting element associated with the target display relative to a manufacturer-determined threshold, based on a result of the determining.