executing, by at least one of the memory controller or the memory device, operations comprising:

outputting a plurality of commands comprising first and second commands based on a program request and program data, wherein the plurality of commands are configured to control the memory device in units of super blocks, the super blocks comprising blocks included in different dies of the plurality of dies;

during a first time interval, performing, based on the first commands, a first erase operation on a first-first block among the first-first block to a first-Mth block of the blocks included in a first super block among the super blocks, where M is an integer greater than or equal to two;

during the first time interval, performing, based on the first commands, a first program operation on a second-first block to a second-Mth block of the blocks included in a second super block among the super blocks;

during a second time interval after the first time interval, performing, based on the second commands, a second erase operation on a first-second block among the first-first block to the first-Mth block;

during the second time interval, performing, based on the second commands, a second program operation on the first-first block and one or more blocks among the second-first block to the second-Mth block; and

during each time interval from among a plurality of consecutive time intervals that are after the second time interval, performing an additional respective erase operation on at least one of the blocks included in the first super block and, while performing the additional respective erase operation, performing an additional respective program operation on at least one of the blocks included in the second super block,

wherein no intervening time intervals are present between each consecutive pair of the plurality of consecutive time intervals, and

wherein the first time interval is equal to an amount time required to complete the first erase operation and complete the first program operation,

wherein the second time interval is equal to an amount time required to complete the second erase operation and is less than an amount of time required to complete the second program operation, and

wherein each of the plurality of consecutive time intervals is equal to an amount of time required to complete the additional respective erase operation and is less than an amount of time required to complete the additional respective program operation on each of the at least one of the blocks included in the second super block.