| CPC G01N 27/48 (2013.01) [G01N 27/49 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method for measuring a component of an aqueous sample using square wave modulation, comprising:
introducing the aqueous sample to a chamber of a square wave modulation apparatus;
applying a stimulus voltage step to the aqueous sample, wherein the stimulus voltage comprises a staircase voltage, wherein each step of the staircase voltage defines a group, wherein the group comprises one or more square wave modulation cycles;
adjusting a time acquisition window, wherein the time acquisition window is a portion of each of the half cycle of the stimulus voltage;
measuring a resultant current output resulting from the stimulus voltage within the time acquisition windows, wherein the average resultant current output is directly proportional to the amount of component of an aqueous solution; and
averaging the resultant current output across at least one or more cycles of each group.
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