1. A monitoring and warning device for rock burst in coal mine, which is configured for monitoring a rock mass in a drill hole, wherein, comprising: an integration rod, radial adjustment components, a plurality of bases, and a measuring instrument, the integration rod is extended into the drill hole; the radial adjustment components are provided on the integration rod, and have a plurality of radial adjustment ends; a plurality of bases are correspondingly provided in the radial adjustment ends, and the bases are further connected with attachment components through elastic components, and the attachment components are embedded with first strain gauges; the measuring instrument is rotatably provided in the integration rod, and is configured to measure a distance between the measuring instrument and the attachment components; an end of the integration rod is further provided with a drill bit, and the drill bit is configured for drilling and extending the drill hole and changing monitoring locations of the attachment components upwards, when a distance change between the measuring instrument and the attachment components exceeds a first threshold; the integration rod are further provided with an upper sealing disc and a lower sealing disc which are symmetrically arranged, and the radial adjustment components and the measuring instrument are located between the upper sealing disc and the lower sealing disc, outer circumferences of both the upper sealing disc and the lower sealing disc are fixed with collapsible ring capsules; the upper sealing disc are further embedded with a second strain gauge, which is configured for weighing a quantity of rock debris discharged by the drill bit during each drilling operation, and a monitoring frequency of the measuring instrument is increased when the quantity of rock debris exceeds a second threshold; the attachment components comprise: deformable plates, bottom plates, and a plurality of connection components; wherein the deformable plates are closed to one side of a hole wall of the drill hole, and the deformable plates are embedded with the first strain gauges; the bottom plates are connected on the elastic components; and a plurality of connection components are distributed at intervals on the deformable plates and the bottom plates; and intermediate components, which have elasticity, are correspondingly fixed between the connection components on the deformable plates and the connection components on the bottom plates; the deformable plates and the bottom plates are defined with a plurality of through-holes; middle widths of the intermediate components are smaller than widths on both sides of the intermediate components, and the intermediate components and the connection components of the intermediate components at both ends together form an ellipsoidal shape.