contacting a sample comprising bacteria with a carbon nanotube and microwave energy such that a probe is introduced into the bacteria, wherein the probe comprises a double strand polynucleotide probe, wherein a first strand of the double stranded probe comprises a detectable label, and a second strand of the double stranded probe comprises a quencher moiety that quenches a signal from the detectable label when the probe is double stranded,

allowing hybridization between only the labeled strand with a polynucleotide in the bacteria if bacteria are present,

and if bacteria are present, detecting a signal from the labeled strand that is hybridized to a polynucleotide in the bacteria to thereby identify the presence of, and/or the type of bacteria in the sample, and if the bacteria are not present, determining a lack of a signal from the labeled strand, and wherein a signal from the labeled strand if present is detected in a microfluidic device, and wherein the microfluidic device comprises: i) one or more bacteria trapping channels, and ii) one or more pneumatic channels in contact with the bacteria trapping channels, wherein the one or more pneumatic channels are configured to reduce the height of the one or more bacteria trapping channels to thereby trap only a single bacterium in the one or more bacteria trapping channels if said bacteria are present in a liquid biological sample that is introduced into the microfluidic device, thereby providing at least one trapped bacterium in at least one of the bacteria trapping channels.