two walls joined together around at least a portion of an edge of the ostomy bag, a first one of the walls configured to be placed facing skin of a user and a second one of the walls configured to face away from the user when the first wall faces the skin of the user;

an opening in the first wall, the opening configured to be disposed around a stoma of the user and to receive effluent from the stoma, wherein the opening is located near a portion of the seam and further away from a portion of the two walls that are not sealed defining a drain opening; and

a sensor layer disposed in, on, or between one of the two walls of the ostomy bag, the sensor layer having a first portion located closer to the opening and a second portion located further away from the opening and closer to the drain opening, the sensor layer comprising a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of capacitive sensors, wherein the plurality of temperature sensors are distributed across the first and second portions, and wherein the plurality of capacitive sensors are distributed across the second portion,

the sensor layer further comprising one or more wireless communication antennas, wherein when in use, the one or more antennas are in electrical communication with one or more antennas on an ostomy wafer configured to couple the first one of the walls of the ostomy bag to the skin of the user, and/or one or more processors on a user device,

wherein:

the drain opening is closed by a hook and loop connector that has a first part comprising a metallic tape, and

at least one of the plurality of capacitive sensors is configured to detect a capacitance change when the first part is detached from a second part of the hook and loop connector so as to detect a drain event.