1. An optical device in the form of a contact lens, an intraocular lens, a corneal inlay, a corneal ring, or a keratoprothesis, comprising a completely polymerized optical hydrogel polymeric material with select regions within the completely polymerized optical hydrogel material that have been irradiated with laser light from a focused, visible or near-IR laser having a pulse energy from 0.01 nJ to 1000 nJ and a wavelength from 400 nm to 1500 nm while the optical hydrogel material is in an already completely polymerized condition, and non-irradiated regions within the completely polymerized optical hydrogel material that have not been irradiated with the laser light, wherein the irradiated regions are in the form of at least one area or volume filled structure formed by scanning the laser light over the select regions of the already completely polymerized optical hydrogel material and which are characterized by a change in refractive index in the irradiated regions relative to the refractive index of the completely polymerized optical hydrogel material in the non-irradiated regions.