CPC H10N 60/99 (2023.02) [C01B 32/205 (2017.08); H10N 60/01 (2023.02); H10N 60/10 (2023.02); H10N 60/83 (2023.02); H10N 60/85 (2023.02); C01B 32/20 (2017.08); C01P 2002/30 (2013.01)] | 17 Claims |
1. A system comprising:
a substrate (Gsub) comprising:
at least a first layer (GB1) and a second layer (GB2),
wherein the first layer (GB1) and the second layer (GB2) are positioned one above another and comprise a common boundary region (GFB) extending from the first layer (GB1) to the second layer (GB2),
wherein the first layer (GB1) comprises graphite with Bernal-crystal structure, and
wherein said second layer (GB2) comprises graphite having rhombohedral-driven crystal structure, and
wherein the substrate (Gsub) includes at least one conducting region and
wherein the conducting region has a property wherein:
an inductively induced electric current in the conducting region of the substrate (Gsub) remains constant over a period of at least one day after a source for inducing the electric current is removed when the substrate is maintained at a substrate temperature below a critical temperature; and
the inductively induced electric current stops when the substrate is raised above the critical temperature;
wherein the system further comprises at least one of:
an ohmic contact electrically coupled to the conducting region,
a coil inductively coupled with the conducting region,
an electrode capacitively coupled to the conducting region, and
an optical element, electro-magnetically coupled with the conducting region,
and
wherein the conducting region is coupled to an electric and/or magnetic and/or electromagnetic signal with a frequency greater than or equal 0 Hertz.
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