determining a plurality of predicted sample values of a current block in a down-sampled current picture that is down sampled from a current picture during a pre-analysis stage based on a plurality of bi-prediction with coding unit level weight (BCW) modes, each of the plurality of predicted sample values being equal to a respective weighed combination of a first predicted sample value from a first down-sampled reference picture that is down sampled from a first reference picture of the current picture and a second predicted sample value from a second down-sampled reference picture that is down sampled from a second reference picture of the current picture according to a respective BCW mode of the plurality of BCW modes;

determining a plurality of cost values associated with the plurality of BCW modes, each of the plurality of cost values being associated with a respective difference between a sample value of the current block in the down-sampled current picture and a respective predicted sample value of the plurality of predicted sample values;

determining a BCW mode from the plurality of BCW modes that corresponds to a minimum cost value of the plurality of cost values; and

generating a prediction of the current block based on the determined BCW mode.