determining a target sub-picture of a target picture; and

performing decoding on the target picture comprising the target sub-picture, wherein

a position of the target sub-picture in the target picture is configured using a start location, a width and a height of the target sub-picture,

the start location, the width and the height are determined using partitioning information,

the partitioning information is comprised in a Sequence Parameter Set (SPS) from a bitstream,

a plurality of boundaries of the target sub-picture are boundaries between the target sub-picture and a plurality of other sub-pictures adjacent to the target sub-picture,

a first flag in the SPS indicates whether filtering for all sub-picture boundaries in the target picture is disabled or not,

a plurality of second flags for the plurality of boundaries in the SPS are used to determine whether to apply filtering for the plurality of boundaries, respectively, and

filtering for a target sub-picture boundary of the plurality of sub-picture boundaries is performed in a case that the first flag does not indicate that filtering for all sub-picture boundaries in the target picture is disabled and a second flag of the plurality of flags corresponding to the target sub-picture boundary indicates that filtering is applied to the target sub-picture boundary.