acquiring an image for a plurality of microdroplets;

predicting regions based on the image for the plurality of microdroplets using an artificial neural network-based prediction model configured to receive the image for the plurality of microdroplets as an input and to segment regions of positive microdroplets, negative microdroplets, and atypical microdroplets, respectively, the positive microdroplets defined as microdroplets including the targets and fluorescent materials, the negative microdroplets defined as microdroplets including only the fluorescent materials or void droplets, the atypical microdroplets defined as microdroplets which include the targets and the fluorescent materials and have a shape different from the positive microdroplets;

determining a number of the positive microdroplets and the negative microdroplets based on a count of microdroplets of the positive microdroplet region and a count of microdroplets of the negative microdroplet region, while excluding the atypical microdroplet region; and

calculating a concentration of the targets based on the number of the positive microdroplets and the negative microdroplets.