| CPC G06N 3/088 (2013.01) [G06F 18/2148 (2023.01); G06F 18/217 (2023.01); G06N 3/045 (2023.01); G06V 10/454 (2022.01); G06V 10/764 (2022.01); G06V 10/82 (2022.01)] | 18 Claims |

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1. A method, comprising:
accessing, using one or more processors, an image;
training, using the one or more processors, a convolutional neural network using a set of authentic human face images and a set of digitally manipulated human face images;
generating co-occurrence matrices on pixel values of the image, the generating comprises;
applying a position operator to pixels in the image to determine a defined offsets; and
defining a co-occurrence matrix over the image representing distributions of co-occurring pixel values at the defined offsets;
analyzing the image based on the generated co-occurrence matrices using the trained convolutional neural network, the trained convolutional network trained to detect images generated by a generative adversarial network (GAN); and
classifying the image based on the analysis.
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