| CPC G02B 6/3546 (2013.01) [G02F 1/313 (2013.01)] | 16 Claims | 

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               1. A tunable waveguide element comprising: 
            a waveguide core; 
                a waveguide cladding; 
                a high k dielectric layer between the waveguide core and the waveguide cladding; and 
                an electrode disposed between the high k dielectric layer and the waveguide core. 
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