| CPC C03B 5/2356 (2013.01) [C03B 5/04 (2013.01); C03B 18/02 (2013.01); C03B 25/08 (2013.01); F27D 11/02 (2013.01); H05B 3/06 (2013.01); H05B 3/44 (2013.01); H05B 3/64 (2013.01); H05B 3/10 (2013.01); H05B 2203/025 (2013.01)] | 28 Claims |

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1. A heater, comprising:
a heat generating member being conductive and configured to radiate heat rays by being fed with electric power;
a tubular member constituted by a metal and accommodating the heat generating member; and
an intermediate member arranged between the heat generating member and the tubular member and constituted by an electrically insulating material,
wherein the intermediate member is arranged and/or configured to allow a portion of the heat rays radiated from the heat generating member to pass through the intermediate member to reach the tubular member, the portion of the heat rays including at least light having a wavelength of from 1 μm to 2 μm,
wherein the tubular member has an inner diameter of D1, the intermediate member has an outer diameter of D2 and an inner diameter of D3, the heat generating member has an outer diameter of D4, and
(D1−D4) is three times or less of (D2−D3), or (D2−D3)/2 is in a range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
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