a guide layer;

a channel layer on the guide layer, the channel layer having within the channel layer a plurality of first channels extending in a first direction, each first channel of the plurality of first channels projecting a first orthographic projection onto the guide layer;

a plurality of second channels extending in a second direction, wherein each of the plurality of second channels is in communication with the plurality of first channels, and wherein the plurality of second channels is disposed in a first layer where the channel layer is located, or is disposed in a second layer where the channel layer and the guide layer are located;

an encapsulation cover plate on a side of the channel layer distal to the guide layer;

a driving unit configured to drive biomolecules to move;

a plurality of first grooves, each first groove of the plurality of first grooves projecting a second orthographic projection onto the guide layer wherein the plurality of first grooves extending along the first direction are disposed on a side of the guide layer proximal to the channel layer, and have a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first channels, and the first orthographic projection of each first channel of the plurality of first channels on the guide layer is within the second orthographic projection of a corresponding first groove of the plurality of first grooves on the guide layer.