| CPC B01D 69/144 (2013.01) [B01D 67/0079 (2013.01); B01D 67/0088 (2013.01); B01D 69/106 (2022.08); B01D 69/107 (2022.08); B01D 71/027 (2013.01); B01D 71/74 (2013.01); C02F 1/44 (2013.01); C07K 14/39 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A macromolecule membrane structure comprising:
a membrane that includes water-channeling integral membrane proteins; and
a silica layer that is on a first surface of the membrane,
wherein the membrane is a proteoliposome or a proteopolymersome, and
wherein the first surface of the membrane is the outer surface of the proteoliposome or proteopolymersome.
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