| CPC H10K 50/115 (2023.02) [H10K 50/156 (2023.02); H10K 50/16 (2023.02)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A quantum dot device, comprising
an anode and a cathode spaced apart from each other,
a light emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the light emitting layer comprising quantum dots;
a first hole auxiliary layer disposed between the anode and the light emitting layer, the first hole auxiliary layer comprising poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate or a derivative thereof (PEDOT:PSS),
a second hole auxiliary layer disposed between the first hole auxiliary layer and the light emitting layer, the second hole auxiliary layer comprising a hole transport material different from a material of the first hole auxiliary layer,
wherein the first hole auxiliary layer has a first surface facing the anode and a second surface facing the second hole auxiliary layer, and
the second surface of the first hole auxiliary layer comprises a surface modification region comprising a surface modification material including a carboxylic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, or a salt thereof,
wherein in the first hole auxiliary layer a volume of the surface modification material is less than a volume of the PEDOT:PSS.
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