| CPC H04N 19/423 (2014.11) [H04N 19/159 (2014.11); H04N 19/176 (2014.11); H04N 19/82 (2014.11)] | 3 Claims |

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1. An encoder comprising:
circuitry; and
memory coupled to the circuitry,
wherein, in operation, the circuitry:
encodes a position and a shape of a region of each of a plurality of subpictures included in a picture, the plurality of subpictures being determined according to a constraint condition that: (i) one of a plurality of tiles included in a picture is not allowed to be partially included in one of the plurality of subpictures included in the picture; (ii) one of the plurality of subpictures is not allowed to be partially included in the one of the plurality of tiles; (iii) two or more of the plurality of subpictures are allowed to be included in the one of the plurality of tiles; and (iv) two or more of the plurality of tiles are allowed to be included in the one of the plurality of subpictures.
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