| CPC H01Q 9/0407 (2013.01) [H01Q 1/48 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. An antenna element comprising:
an insulation substrate;
a first planar ground conductor layer;
a first radiation conductor layer; and
a first ground conductor; wherein
the first planar ground conductor layer is connected to a ground potential and is on the insulation substrate;
the first radiation conductor layer is operable to radiate and/or receive first high-frequency signals;
the first radiation conductor layer is in or on the insulation substrate and above the first planar ground conductor layer;
a lower principal surface of the first radiation conductor layer overlaps an upper principal surface of the first planar ground conductor layer as viewed in an up-down direction;
the first ground conductor is in the insulation substrate and connected to the ground potential;
an upper end of the first ground conductor is above the first radiation conductor layer;
the first ground conductor layer is spaced away from the first radiation conductor layer as viewed in the up-down direction; and
no conductor is present between the first ground conductor and the first radiation conductor layer except for a conductor through which the first high-frequency signals are transmitted and a conductor connected to the ground potential.
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