a lower substrate comprising a display area and a transmission area;

first, second, and third pixel electrodes above the lower substrate in the display area;

an intermediate layer comprising emission layers stacked above each of the first, second, and third pixel electrodes, the intermediate layer having an opening corresponding to the transmission area;

an opposite electrode above the intermediate layer, the opposite electrode having an opening corresponding to the transmission area;

an upper substrate having a lower surface above the lower substrate and facing the lower substrate, the upper substrate comprising a first area corresponding to the first pixel electrode, a second area corresponding to the second pixel electrode, a third area corresponding to the third pixel electrode, and a fourth area corresponding to the transmission area;

a second-color quantum dot layer between the upper substrate and the opposite electrode in the second area;

a third-color quantum dot layer between the upper substrate and the opposite electrode in the third area;

a light-transmissive layer between the upper substrate and the opposite electrode in the first area and between the second-color quantum dot layer and the third-color quantum dot layer; and

a light-transmissive material layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate in the fourth area, the light-transmissive material layer being integrally formed with the light-transmissive layer.