| CPC H04L 67/10 (2013.01) [G06F 17/12 (2013.01); G06F 17/16 (2013.01); G06F 17/18 (2013.01); G06N 7/01 (2023.01); G06N 20/00 (2019.01); H03M 7/3059 (2013.01); H03M 7/3082 (2013.01); H03M 7/40 (2013.01); H04L 67/01 (2022.05)] | 20 Claims | 

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               1. A computing system that performs stochastic quantization to facilitate efficient transmission of machine-learned model updates from client devices to a centralized server computing device, the computing system comprising: 
            one or more client computing devices, wherein each client computing device comprises one or more processors and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media that store instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors cause the client computing device to perform operations, the operations comprising: 
              determining an update to a machine-learned model based at least in part on a local dataset stored at the client computing device, wherein the update comprises a plurality of coordinate values; 
                  performing quantization of the update to obtain a quantized update, wherein performing quantization of the update comprises: 
                  establishing a plurality of quantization levels; 
                    respectively quantizing each coordinate value of the plurality of coordinate value into one of the plurality of quantization levels according to a respective probability determined based on the coordinate value; and 
                  encoding the quantized update according to a variable length coding scheme; and 
                  transmitting the quantized update to the centralized server computing device. 
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