| CPC H01M 10/54 (2013.01) [C22B 7/007 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |

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1. A method of treating a leaching solution, the method comprising:
setting pH of the leaching solution to at least about 1.2, wherein the leaching solution is derived from a black mass comprising fluorine and phosphorous;
adding iron powder to induce copper cementation;
after copper cementation, adding lime; and
after adding lime, increasing pH of the leaching solution to extract calcium fluoride, and iron phosphate.
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