or a salt thereof, anion thereof, hydrolytic product thereof, or electrochemical reduction product thereof,

wherein

R¹ is C_6-10aryl optionally substituted with at least one R⁷;

R² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —OH, C_1-20alkoxy, —C_1-6alkyl-C(O)OR⁶, hydroxyC_1-6alkyl, C_6-10aryl, C_6-10arylC_1-6alkyl, C_6-10aryloxy, and C_6-10arylC_1-6alkoxy, wherein the C_6-10aryl, either alone or as part of another group, is optionally substituted with at least one R⁷; and

R³ is hydrogen, C_1-6alkyl, hydroxyC_1-6alkyl, C_6-10aryl, or C_6-10arylC_1-6alkyl, wherein the C_6-10aryl or the C_6-10arylC_1-6alkyl is optionally substituted with at least one R⁷;

R⁶ is hydrogen or C_1-6alkyl;

R⁷ is independently selected from the group consisting of C_1-6alkyl, —OH, and hydroxyC_1-6alkyl, and wherein R⁷ is not further substituted;

wherein the aqueous electrolyte optionally further comprises an ion selected from the group consisting of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, a quaternary ammonium cation, and combinations thereof, and

wherein the aqueous electrolyte has a pH greater than about 7;

wherein the at least one electrolyte additive is present in a solvent in the aqueous electrolyte, wherein water is the only solvent, at a concentration equal to, or greater than, 0.001 weight percent (wt %) to less than 5 wt %.