a display substrate, comprising a light-emitting region and a plurality of pixel units located in the light-emitting region; wherein the light-emitting region comprises a single-sided light-emitting region and at least one double-sided light-emitting region, and each of the pixel units in the plurality of pixel units comprises a plurality of sub-pixels; and

at least one optical sensing unit, corresponding to the at least one double-sided light-emitting region from a non-display side of the display substrate, and configured to sense light emitted by the sub-pixels during operation in the at least one double-sided light-emitting region, and to provide sensing brightness information of the at least one double-sided light-emitting region to perform brightness compensation on the light-emitting region,

wherein each of the sub-pixels of the plurality of sub-pixels comprises a light-emitting element;

the light-emitting element in the single-sided light-emitting region comprises a first electrode, a first light-emitting functional layer and a second electrode that are stacked in sequence, the first electrode is closer to the non-display side than the second electrode, the first electrode is an opaque electrode, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode;

the light-emitting element in the at least one double-sided light-emitting region comprises a third electrode, a second light-emitting functional layer and a fourth electrode that are stacked in sequence, the third electrode is closer to the non-display side than the fourth electrode, at least a part of the third electrode is transparent, a transparent portion of the third electrode allows light emitted by the second light-emitting functional layer to pass through and to be emitted to the non-display side, and the fourth electrode is a transparent electrode.