execute an instance of a game application based in part on the game application data;

generate a virtual game environment within the game application;

determine a first pose of a first virtual character model within the virtual game environment, the first virtual character model comprising a virtual rig including a plurality of a rigid bodies connected by a plurality of joints, wherein the first pose is a first arrangement of the rigid bodies and joints of the virtual rig, wherein position data defines positions of the plurality of joints of the first virtual character model;

receive an instruction to change the first pose of the first virtual character model based at least in part on movement of a joint of the first virtual character model;

obtain a set of axis vectors for the virtual rig of the first virtual character model based on the position data, each axis vector of the set of axis vectors points from a parent joint associated with the axis vector to a child joint of the parent joint;

input the set of axis vectors to a twist model to generate a set of twist vectors, wherein the twist model is configured to predict the set of twist vectors based on the set of axis vectors;

determine animation data based at least in part on the set of axis vectors and the set of twist vectors;

determine an updated pose of first virtual character model based, at least in part, on the animation data;

render the first virtual character model based, at least in part on the updated pose of the first virtual character model; and

generate instructions to output a frame comprising at least a portion of the updated pose of the first virtual character model for a user display.