CPC G01N 33/5014 (2013.01) [C12N 5/0684 (2013.01); C12N 5/0697 (2013.01); G01N 33/5044 (2013.01); C12N 2502/1323 (2013.01); C12N 2502/256 (2013.01); C12N 2502/28 (2013.01); G01N 2500/02 (2013.01); G01N 2500/10 (2013.01)] | 20 Claims |
1. A method of assessing the renal toxicity of a therapeutic agent, the method comprising:
a. contacting the therapeutic agent with a three-dimensional, engineered, bioprinted, biological renal tubule model comprising:
i. a layer of renal interstitial tissue, the renal interstitial tissue comprising renal fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and
ii. a layer of renal epithelial tissue, the renal epithelial tissue comprising renal tubular epithelial cells from a subject with a disease that affects kidney function,
wherein the fibroblasts and endothelial cells are present in a ratio of fibroblasts to endothelial cells at which the renal tubule model is planar six days post- printing;
b. measuring viability or functionality of the renal tubular epithelial cells; and
c. assessing the renal toxicity of the therapeutic agent based on the measured viability or functionality of the renal tubular epithelial cells.
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